What role does technology play in development Essay

What role does technology play in development - Essay Example Knowledge and technology should be considered together otherwise development is hampered. Nowadays information and communication technologies are the potential for the development. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to distribution and application of these technologies in order to give equal rights to developed and developing countries (Wehelive, 2005, p. 39). This research paper considers technology and development with regard to information society. The works by Bell, Schumacher, Smith, Ovitt, Steinberg, Castells and others are focused on thee discussion of connection between technology and development. The majority of researchers claim that technology and development are closely connected and technology is considered to be a crucial factor in a modern society. On the other hand, inequity of technology distribution between developed and developing countries may be a drawback of development. Moreover, technological progress may be an obstacle to development. Thus it is relevant to discuss not technology, but intermediate or appropriate technology as it is suggested by Schumacher and Ovitt. Daniel Bell is focused on the study of the information society. His writings are mainly focused on three main issues: post-industrial information and workforce; the second one is about information flows; the third is focused on the discussion of connection between computers and the information revolution. Bell has always connected the society first with goods and then with services. Furthermore, Bell draws parallels between information and knowledge (Duff, 1998, p. 373). He emphasizes the significance of theoretical knowledge and its importance for a modern society. Thus Bell’s claim about the post-industrial society concerns theoretical knowledge as the only way to successful development. He suggests knowledge to be codified into symbols and be applied

Economonics Competition Policy in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economonics Competition Policy in the UK - Essay Example This was a system that moved between, and mixed up; form and effects-based approaches with almost reckless dump. In United Kingdom, two main acts of legislation - the Competition Act of 1998 and the Enterprise Act of 2002 - have brought the EC's prohibition system to the UK, altered the name of the old Monopolies and Merger Commission to the Competition Commission and given it new powers. For example, they have criminalized price-fixing, created a specialist appeal and review court for anti-dependent cases and eliminated the old "public interest test", replacing it with a narrower, effects-based "substantial lessening of competition" test. At the same time, the two major competition policy bodies in the UK - the Office of Fair Trading and the newly renamed Competition Commission - have expanded, developed new areas of expertise and, possibly most adventurous of all, they have both been put into the hands of professors of economics. Competition is basically a practice of rivalry between various organizations, each of them is looking for to succeed customer's business. This competition may take place in a variety of behaviors - some firms try to win on cost, some spotlight on raising the worth of presented products or services, while still others use entrepreneurial dexterities to build up new products or services (J. Sloman, 2003). ... evel of overheads, a range of product contributions will arrive at the marketplace that bouts the heterogeneity of customer requirements and flavors, and the pace of advances will be great (J. Sloman, 2003). Significantly executives in such marketplaces have only restricted power over their settings (J. Parkin, et. al., 2004). They regularly have to do something when they are not prepared for it; they every so often require doing things rapidly and not competently than they believe that they must be done. The continuous go-getting between competitor organizations in a cutthroat marketplace can occasionally cause some misuse and doubling-up, and the entire thing frequently appeared to produce a somewhat messy thing (J. Parkin, et. al., 2004). Many executives, though intellectually and sensitively dedicated they are to challenge, recognize that they can perform better. For them, rivalry is not only strenuous, it is also wearisome. And certainly earnings are fairly harder to make in such marketplaces than they are in monopolistic marketplaces (K.A. Crystal and R.G. Lipsey, 2004). For example, a most prominent case of Tesco who monopolizes the retail market in UK, in spite of having an obvio us monopoly with 30% of the marketplace (a monopoly is defined normally as above 25%), its growth has gone unchecked by Competition Commission. The profits of 2bn have been at the outlay of farmers and other contractors who have had to tackle deteriorating prices, and small stores losing theirs local marketplace shares. Tesco is now a largest retailer with more than 2,300 stores globally. That could simply wash out some corporations' earnings, which consecutively could have grave effects for their share value, and might even make them defenseless to the take-over. Such as, under the

Data Warehouse, Data Mart and Business Intelligence Essay

Data Warehouse, Data Mart and Business Intelligence - Essay Example Data Warehouses, Data Marts and Databases A data warehouse refers to a data storage location used to secure, archive, and analyze data. It comprises of many integrated databases in an organization. Data stored in a data warehouse must be easily accessible to facilitate the daily operations of an organization. There are several types of data ware houses. There are offline operational data warehouses where data is copied from real time data networks and stored offline. Offline data warehouses store integrated data that is frequently updated and can be easily accessed. Real-time data warehouses are updated whenever new data comes in, for example in point of sale systems. Integrated data warehouses can be accessed by other systems (Jensen, Pedersen, and Thomsen, 2010). Data marts refer to smaller data warehouses covering a specific department or subject. They differ from data warehouses in that they are less complex, and are easier to develop and maintain. Data warehouses also focus on many subject areas and collect their data from various sources while data marts deal with one subject and collect data from few sources. There are dependent and independent data marts. Dependent data marts source their data from a functional central data warehouse while independent data marts get data from external sources. A data mart can be a small division of a data warehouse (Jensen, Pedersen, and Thomsen, 2010).... Databases contain records of data that can be easily accessed. While databases are designed to record and store data, data warehouses are designed to respond to critical business queries. All data warehouses are databases but few databases can be considered to be data warehouses. Databases are usually online transaction processing systems for recording transactions while data warehouses are online analytical processing systems for querying and analyzing data (Jensen, Pedersen, and Thomsen, 2010). Data Warehouse Architectures and Tools Data warehouses are developed using several steps including data collection, data cleansing, data aggregation, and analysis and presentation. Data collection involves identifying the suitable data for the warehouse and where it can be sourced from. In data cleansing and transformation, the collected data is restructured to make it usable for reporting, querying, and analysis. Data aggregation and analysis involves the use of query tools to transfer data from the central data warehouse and processing it to produce the required results. Presentation involves giving end results to the users in form of text, charts or tables (Barry, 2003). There are various data warehouse architectures varying from one organization to another depending on their data. These architectures include independent data marts, hub-and-spoke, federated, centralized data warehouse and data mart bus architecture that has linked dimensional data marts. Independent data marts architecture involves developing autonomous marts with different data definitions, measures and dimensions. Data bus mart with linked dimensional data marts architecture is designed to meet the needs of a specific business process. It involves the development of one

Advanced Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advanced Accounting Theory - Essay Example It implies that a company is governed by the accounting standards and principles of the jurisdiction(s) within which it operates. Similarly, the preparation of its accounting reports is limited only by the GAAPs of the jurisdictions within which it operates. One of the arising issues when it comes to GAAPs is the need for a single set of GAAPs. This concept is discussed, with preponderance for the establishment of such a set of global GAAPs. As it has been noted, one of the most significant notions, that is rather thematic of GAAPs, is the concept of jurisdiction. GAAPs operate within a particular jurisdiction, which may be a country, or an economic bloc, such as the EU. Traditionally, GAAPs tended to have the country as the highest territorial level delimiting their jurisdiction. This scope of jurisdiction tended to suffice, owing to the fact that most companies operated within a single nation. However, with increasing internationalisation, and the establishment of economic blocs such as the EU, there was need to establish a more comprehensive set of principles, in order to harmonize financial reporting. Such harmonization was desirable, in lieu of the fact that companies now operated within many different nations. Indeed, the EU has established several directives such as the 4th and 7th directives on company accounts (Elliott & Elliott, 2013). The question that then begs is, can the same scenario be replicated on a gl obal scale? One of the most significant trends is the globalisation of among other things, business activities. This globalization is not only in terms of firms reaching out to new markets, more increasingly, it is about such companies outsourcing their labour and ultimately, entire production processes. Since the countries are not within the same jurisdiction, territorial or otherwise, this implies that operations within different countries are subject to different accounting treatment. The

An Issue Pertaining to Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

An Issue Pertaining to Business Ethics - Essay Example Recent reports have shown that over 10 million men and women in England drink above the recommended guidelines. This obviously means that it will in all possible ways affect their body and mind in a negative way. The guidelines set to drinking have been set by the careful and thorough study of the intake of alcohol and those set limits are not meant to be crossed. These individuals in their practical life, therefore, perform lesser than their capability. It affects their performance, behavior, mental and stress level. They get tired easily and therefore are unable to work for even average work hours. It also causes a greater rate of absenteeism amongst individuals and a company cannot properly function with these conditions. Absent employees and the ones present not working at their best is something an organization should worry about. â€Å"By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever according to the tendency it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question† (Bentham, 1789). An individual’s actions inside the organization that he is working in, that directly affect the organization need to be paid attention and controlled. It’s for the benefit of everyone that every particular individual behaves in the most appropriate of ways, ways that are ethical. The health profession, in particular, primary care physicians, has long been encouraged to guide their patients’ drinking behavior (ICAP, 2002). Alcoholic behaviors of individuals is an important issue and require urgent attention, reports suggest that around 200,000 people go to work with a hangover. Alcohol also directly affects individuals work behavior. It is reported to promote rude behavior, non-serious attitude and in some cases violent behavior as well.  Ã‚  

The Different Source of Law in England and Wales Essay

The Different Source of Law in England and Wales - Essay Example The parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The two houses usually consist of eight hundred and six hundred and fifty members respectively (Slorach 2013, p.47). Common law, on the hand, is where higher appellate courts’, namely the Court of Appeal and the Supreme court, judgments are set as precedence that are to be followed by all the subordinate courts to make future judgments on similar cases. This is often done to create unity and consistency in making judgments. European Union Laws are laws that are created by the European Union (EU) to which Wales and England are members. Since the EU is greater than the two countries, EU laws often precedence over UK laws (Slapper & Kelly 2011, p.83). The Human Rights Act 1998, which was ratified by member states of Council of Europe to later become known as European Convention on Human Right (ECHR), also serves as a major source of law for the two countries. This is because UK is a signatory to its statute. This, therefore, binds all courts in the two countries to protect human rights using the set conventions as noted in the ECHR. England and Wale’s sources of law are often categorized as either internal or external. The internal sources include the statutory laws and the common law. The external law includes the ECHR and the EU laws. Internal laws are the laws that are created by the law-making organs of the two countries. On the other hand, statutory laws are created by the legislature while common laws are drawn from precedencies set by the two senior most appellate court namely the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court (Reinsch 2004, p.50). The citizens of the two countries uniformly recognize all these organs. External sources of law, on the other hand, are as a result of the ratification of agreed on convention by the European blocks that come together to pursue a common good (Reinsch 2004, p.51).  

Information Security Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Information Security Management - Assignment Example The GhostNet systems also facilitate downloading of a Trojan called Ghost Rat that enables attackers to have control of the attacked systems on a real-time basis(Villenueve & Walton, 2009). That makes monitoring and identification of security breach a complicated process. The fact that it can operate the web cameras and microphones is just beyond.The system is not able to achieve the expected security in operation especially after an attack by GhostNet since it can send email messages from the infected systems to other users alluding to be the authenticate persons. The detecting users become victims since these emails have malware spread-out to them.b)The detail in the headings below how might apply each of the SSE processes in the above diagram have helped the case study organizations to avoid their vulnerabilities being exploited?PA02-5 Assess Impact; Security Risk; Threat; VulnerabilityThe result will be forming a foundation for security that will address requirements both in the organization, meet the needs of the policies and the law. It helps achieve set security objectives in the system.PA10 Specify Security NeedsIt involves identification of particular security that affects the system in the case apart from the general threats. That will ensure that the solutions derived directly address the particular system.PA09 Provide Security InputIt ensures that the designing of the system and it's architecting is based on the security needs initially identified.